Artificial Intelligence-Driven Robots: Moving Right Along, Literally

Ten of them in nine weeks, all provided by Fox News or Fox Business, and most by one of their leading technology writers.  Which ones do you like?

First, “AI robot changes your tires and balances them, too” (Kurt Knutsson, News, May 12^th).  The company Automated Tire, Inc. “has unveiled SmartBay, an AI-powered robotic tire change platform built for dealerships, tire shops and service centers.  The system handles tire changes, wheel balancing and vehicle inspections with minimal human intervention,” all that while leaving “the wheel on the car.”  These devices seem to be available now.

Next, “Rideable robot looks ready to stomp all over us” (Kurt Knutsson, News, May 19^th).  This one, from Unitree, costs $574,000, and “can carry a passenger, smash bricks and shift into a four-legged form.”  It looks like a real-life GoBot, and its “most likely uses seem to be entertainment, exhibitions, research, security demos or specialized industrial testing.”  You can probably buy one now - if you want to.

More practically, “AI robotic beehives installed in Florida community claim 70% reduction in colony collapse threatening crops” (Brittany Miller, News, May 21^st).  They are called BeeHome systems and are made by Beewise (note how these robot manufacturers are specializing around their offerings).  The product, now in use in Land O’ Lakes, “uses robotics, sensors and artificial intelligence to monitor hive health and protect colonies from environmental threats,” and “arrives as bee populations across the United States continue facing pressure from parasites, pesticides, disease and extreme weather conditions.”

Fourth, an improvement in an area getting automaton attention for not only years but decades: “Humanoid robots work nonstop in package test” (Kurt Knutsson, News, May 24^th).  This time, three of them, made by Figure AI and using its “in-house AI system” “without human control,” “crossed more than 24 hours of continuous autonomous operation after a test that was supposed to last only eight hours kept running.”  So, “if robots can keep working through long shifts, what happens to people who do this work today?”  Although “businesses… will want to know how often the robots fail, how much maintenance they need and whether they can handle messy conditions without slowing down the whole operation,” per Knutsson “if companies can make these robots reliable, safe and affordable, the warehouse floor could look very different in the years ahead.”

We used to hear how automata could not make up hotel rooms, which made it news when “Humanoid robot cleans first US apartment” (Kurt Knutsson, News, May 31^st).  This service, offered now by Gatsby only in San Francisco, costs $150 and involves one of them arriving as prescheduled “to clean your apartment,” including “dishes, surfaces, floors, making the bed and folding laundry.”  Although “routine work is autonomous,” and no person arrives with the robot, “harder tasks can be handled through remote human teleoperation.”  This service needs a longer success record, but as with the others here, the proof of concept has been completed.

Sixth, two other companies have made progress on a situation above, as “Warehouse robots move packages without human handoff” (Knutsson again, News, June 30^th).  The firms, Ambi Robotics and Pickle Robot Company (so much for focused names), have “announced a commercial integration that connects Pickle Robot’s trailer-unloading robots with Ambi Robotic’s AmbiStack pallet-building system.”  The author especially liked the handoff ability, something which is still almost always left to humans; that capability may often turn out to make the difference between worthwhile and doubtful automation.

Next, “Zoox robotaxi redesign brings big rider upgrades” (Knutsson, News, July 3^rd).  That “company has updated its custom-built electric robotaxi with new comfort and usability upgrades”; it “added more padding and ergonomic curves to the seats and headrests,” for comfort, and “updated the color, materials and finish,” which they maintain will make it seem “a calmer cabin.”  These are available in San Francisco and Las Vegas, with Miami and Austin “listed as “Now Arriving” on its ride pages.”  Zoox has a track record of success, and these improvements have no real chance of damaging that.

Eighth, “Starship delivery robots leave campuses for cities” (Knutsson, News, July 6^th).  Remember “those little white robots that once rolled across college sidewalks with lattes, fries and late-night snacks”?  They are “getting a new assignment,” as Starship “will wind down its U.S. university campus operations and redeploy more than 1,200 robots toward grocery chains and hot food delivery in cities across the United States and Europe.”  The choice to remove them was a matter of “focus,” and will not take effect until next year.  The move to city sidewalks is challenging, and may take a long time.

Next, “Hyundai Motor brings Boston Dynamics’ Atlas humanoid robot to FIFA World Cup in groundbreaking activation” (Scott Thompson, Business, July 6^th).  “A special guest delivered the match ball to the head referee on the pitch” before a game in East Rutherford, New Jersey, and you can probably guess who - or, rather what - that guest was.  Its product name was Atlas, “an advanced humanoid robot” that also “performed” for spectators in other ways, so Hyundai, per a top manager, could “demonstrate that the future isn’t something we imagine - it starts now.”  The article had no mention of malfunctions, which, despite the lack of practicality, was excellent for the company.

Last, “Humanoid robots perform live surgery in world first” (Jesse Watson, News, July 14^th).  “Surgeons remotely guided” two robots, which “copied the surgeons’ movements rather than making medical decisions” “through two gall bladder removal procedures” on pigs.  The test “marked the first time teleoperated humanoid robots,” as opposed to “surgical robots” which have been used before, “successfully completed live gallbladder surgeries.”  Another step.

All these developments are favorable, and point out how robots, especially in human form, are a fast-moving, effective area of artificial intelligence.  There will be many, many more, and most of these here will propagate, some dramatically.  That, without any real doubt, will be extremely positive.

Artificial Intelligence on the Job - What’s Happening?

Although AI has not clearly been eliminating jobs, a lot has been going on with it at work.

Its effect on the up-and-down popularity of working from home hasn’t been moving in the direction many would expect, as “Return to office gaining momentum as AI reshapes corporate strategy” (Arabelle Bennett, Fox Business, November 2nd).  Per Newmark, “a global commercial real estate advisory firm that counsels Fortune 500 occupiers and major landlords on leasing, strategy and transactions,” “artificial intelligence is driving a surprising surge in office demand.”  That company’s president says these companies are “making bold moves” to “re-skill” employees “and have them retrained in artificial intelligence.”

Speaking of up and down, we next got “More!  More!  More!  Tech Workers Max Out Their A.I. Use” (Kevin Roose, The New York Times, March 20th).  As “at tech companies like Meta and Shopify, managers have started to factor A.I. use into performance reviews, rewarding workers who make heavy use of A.I. tools and chastening those who don’t.”  “An engineer at Open AI processed 210 billion “tokens” - enough text to fill Wikipedia 33 times - through the company’s artificial intelligence models over the last week,” and “at Anthropic, a single user of the company’s A.I. coding system, Claude Code, racked up a bill of more than $150,000 in a month.”  “Some tech companies, including Meta and OpenAI” had “internal leaderboards that show how many tokens… each worker consumes,” and on which “employees compete(d).”  The logical worker response is for them to use AI nonconstructively, which would put an end to this rather shortsighted practice.  Indeed, on June 18th, less than three months later, the Times printed Eli Tan’s “Tech Workers Maxed Out Their A.I. Use.  Now They’re Trying to Minimize It.”; the change came from “the bills from companies, like Anthropic and OpenAI, that provide A.I. tools - and they were not cheap.”  Going from almost mandating it to putting “some monthly limits on A.I. coding tools” - was that embarrassing, or just the cost of learning?

In what might be another natural outcome of such maxing out, “Meta’s Embrace of A.I. Is Making Its Employees Miserable” (Kalley Huang, Eli Tan and Kate Conger, The New York Times again, May 8th).  In order for that organization’s management officially “to capture employee data so Meta’s artificial intelligence models could learn “how people actually complete everyday tasks using computers,”” it gathered “what employees typed into their computer, how they moved their mouse, where they clicked and what they saw on their screen”; as a result, “many workers immediately revolted” and “blasted the tracking as a privacy violation, calling it antisocial and callous.”  In conjunction with substantial announced upcoming layoffs, many workers there were showing “anger and anxiety.”

Specifically, “What Are A.I. Agents Actually Doing?” (Cade Metz, The New York Times, June 4th).  “A San Francisco start-up called Arena, which tracks hundreds of thousands of artificial intelligence users, is trying to take some of the mystery out of what” tasks it is performing.  It found that 17% in “agent mode” were “code-writing,” 10% were for “research,” and almost as many were for making images, creating “documents like graphs and spreadsheets,” and to “brainstorm ideas.”  Significant shares also were spent on “creative writing or tutoring and education,” along with “code debugging” and “chatting.”  A wide variety.

Yes, it seems clear that “We’re Only Starting to Grasp the Pitfalls of Using A.I. at Work” (Noam Scheiber, The New York Times, June 29th).  Although “at a conference where two human resources executives said that treating A.I. agents like real employees was a way to increase productivity and to put their companies on the cutting edge,” “in an experiment involving dozens of companies with A.I. employees, the researchers found that managers tended to vet documents less carefully when told an A.I. employee had produced them,” and they “missed errors that other managers caught when told they were vetting the work of a human.”  As AI models “tend to favor work produced by artificial intelligence” causing a “potentially consequential form of implicit ‘anti-human’ bias,” and AI models do not often “cooperate and seek win-win outcomes” as people do, we can question whether businesses are using too much AI.  

Should companies slow down?  That would be hard for many to do, but it might be the best choice.  As these stories show, the race, even when it is about implementing artificial intelligence, is not always to the swift.

June Jobs Report Slightly Warm, with AJSN Showing Latent Demand Up Seasonally to 17.5 Million

If you were looking for an exciting Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment Situation Summary this morning, you didn’t get one.  So I will parse what we got for you. 

Instead of double the predicted number of net new nonfarm payroll positions, we got half, 57,000 instead of a published 110,000 estimate.  Otherwise, most of the numbers were not disappointing.  Seasonally adjusted unemployment lost 0.1% to reach 4.2%, and the unadjusted variety stayed at 4.4%.  Measured adjustedly, the number of unemployed fell 200,000 to 7.1 million.  There were 100,000 fewer long-term jobless, out for 27 weeks or longer.  Those working part-time for economic reasons, or keeping such positions while looking unsuccessfully for full-time ones, also lost 100,000, to 4.7 million.  Average hourly private nonfarm payroll wages rose 11 cents, again close to inflation, to $37.64.  Two outcomes worsening were the two showing Americans’ connection to work, the labor force participation rate and the employment-population ratio, off 0.3% to 61.5% and down 0.2% to 59.0% respectively. 

The American Job Shortage Number or AJSN, which shows how many additional positions could be quickly filled if all knew they would be easy and routine to get, gained 310,000 to the following:

 

The largest shifts came from the count of those officially jobless, pushing the AJSN up 515,000, and those wanting work but not looking for it for the past year, moving it down 239,000 - no others were more than 55,000 either way.  Of the AJSN, 38.5% was from those employed, up 2.3% from last month.  Compared with a year before, the AJSN was almost unchanged, losing 52,000, with its largest input differences from those discouraged, down 139,000, and those saying they did not want a job, up 136,000. 

How, overall, did we do?  When taking the outcomes above, that those not in the labor force decreased almost 300,000, and remembering that fewer people work in June than in May, we did well.  It wasn’t huge, but it was positive and broad-based.  We cannot get discouraged about missing projections, as those do not affect anything except our perceptions.  The turtle took a small step forward.

Driverless Cars: A Sputtering Spring

Even disregarding the story about the Tesla vehicle questionably running in self-driving mode, hitting a house, and killing someone, we haven’t seen much to like here since April.

What is, or was, “Robotaxi’s single point of failure” (Tech Brew, April 2^nd)?  “A few days ago, over 100 Baidu robotaxis halted on highways in Wuhan, China.”  Attributed only to a “system malfunction,” they stopped where they were, even in fast expressway lanes.  “Some passengers reported that in-car SOS buttons didn’t work, and one college student told Wired it took 30 minutes to even connect to a customer service rep - and help never came.”  If vehicles are linked, a single cause can bring all of them down - a real exposure.

Speaking of “all of them,” we saw as “Waymo recalls massive autonomous fleet after incident flags major safety issue” (Bonny Chu, Fox Business, May 12^th). “A driverless vehicle failed to come to a complete stop after encountering flooded road conditions on a high-speed roadway,” a problem of “the company’s 5^th and 6^th generation Automated Driving Systems (ADS).”  The flooded area was “untraversable,” almost 3,800 cars were held back, and “that same day, Waymo implemented additional restrictions to reduce the risk of similar incidents in inclement weather.”

That company, long on the forefront of autonomous vehicle technology and rollouts, got hit again soon afterwards, as “Waymo pauses freeway robotaxi routes after safety and software concerns” (Michael Sinkewicz, Fox Business, May 21st).  It was dealing with “performance issues in construction zones” by “updating its software.”  Just what happened became clear in “Waymo recalls nearly 4,000 robotaxis after cars enter freeway work zones” (Brittany Miller, Fox Business again, June 18^th).  There were “more than a dozen” such “incidents,” caused by a “software defect.”

Overall, “Would you ride in Waymo’s new Ojai robotaxi” (Kurt Knutsson, Fox News, June 2^nd)?  “The first public Ojai rides,” the cars offering “more legroom, bigger screens and accessibility features,” “will begin in the coming weeks,” starting in San Francisco, Phoenix, and Los Angeles.  They will be “free for a limited time while Waymo gathers feedback and refines the experience.”  No mention of software problems appeared here.

A potential issue worth publicizing is “When Someone Else Owns the Car, They Can Dictate Where You Travel” (Donald Kendal, The Epoch Times, June 3-9).  Potentially an issue with free robotaxi rides, it is more a concern for people someday commissioning cars which offer them free or discounted service in exchange for the likes of advertising exposure, or even for customers charged monthly amounts for auto transportation.  There is potential for other factors to sneak in.  For example, “could people be denied access to transportation services based on their political beliefs or statements they have made on social media (which has happened already)?  Could access be limited to curtail climate change?  Could environmental, social, and governance principles or other corporate social credit systems encourage companies to restrict travel based on a user’s carbon footprint?  Could the political winds of the day lead platforms to restrict rides to a firearms store, a church, or a specific political rally?”  When such arrangements appear, there should be laws already in place preventing these sorts of things.

One city doesn’t look good for the most common autonomous vehicles, as David McCabe in the June 17^th New York Times told us “Why Waymo’s Driverless Taxis Won’t Be on Your Streets Anytime Soon.”  The main objection here was not from snow, traffic, or narrow streets, but “groups that represent drivers” such as the New York Taxi Workers Alliance.  State governor Kathy Hochul unsuccessfully “introduced a budget proposal in January that would have allowed Waymo to operate in much of the state,” outside the city, where “mayor Zohran Mamdani has said he would heavily weigh the interests of taxi drivers in deciding rules for the technology.”  Much the same happened in Illinois.  Although Waymo “floated the prospect of creating a fund for displaced workers,” after their experience with Uber and Lyft that may not be enough.

One story of the eight here, though, was favorable toward autonomous vehicles, as a “humanless big rig completes first US freight run” (Kurt Knutsson, Fox News, May 5^th).  The semitrailer truck “left Houston, Texas in the middle of the night with nobody inside,” and “by morning, it had completed a 230-mile delivery near Dallas right on schedule,” with “no driver, no backup operator, and no one stepping in remotely.”  Was it, as provider Bot Auto said, “the first fully humanless, over-the-road commercial truckload in the U.S.”?  I know such vehicles have done similar things, but perhaps this was the first complete unassisted run. 

Good news, but, going forward, will stories like this predominate over the other seven?  Regular readers know I hope so.  I hope you do too.

Specific Artificial Intelligence Achievements - What It Has Nailed Down

What new things has AI excelled at over the past five months?

First, coding, per “This A.I. Tool Is Going Viral.  Five Ways People Are Using It” (Natallie Rocha, The New York Times, January 23^rd).  The product is Anthropic’s Claude Code, which “can generate computer code when people type a prompt,” and “has shown record growth” after “people had time to experiment with Claude Code over the holidays… and users realized how capable it was.”  This year we have heard a lot about coding being an obsolescent profession, which may or not be true, and Claude Code is a major reason why.

Second, expanded use for existing medications, sometimes as the only choice patients have.  In “A.I. Saved His Life by Discovering New Uses for Old Drugs” (March 20^th, The New York Times), Kate Morgan, after describing one patient’s move from expected death to remission, told us about AI’s finding an increasing number of side effects and unknown properties and making new applications primary.  Sometimes repurposing can start with something as simple as asking “show us every proposed treatment there has ever been in the history of medicine for (a condition).”  We should expect, and hope with gratitude, that there will be vastly more.

Third, faster travel through the skies.  “AI air traffic system promises fewer flight delays” (Fox News, May 9^th) gave us Kurt Knutsson explaining that “the Federal Aviation Administration is testing a new system designed to predict congestion weeks before it happens,” allowing airlines to “fix the schedule early so fewer problems show up later.”  AI’s capabilities for checking billions of data points can help it, for example, decide to schedule “a flight five or 10 minutes earlier,” which in cases it has recognized could “reduce bottlenecks in busy airspace,” or if “it could identify that a specific route tends to clog up at certain times of year… it could adjust schedules before tickets are even sold.”  Considering the “ripple effect” one late flight has on others, small changes could lead to saving tens of thousands of hours of passenger time.  The key companies working with the FAA are Palantir Technologies, Thales SA, and Air Space Intelligence, and we hope the outcome will be as valuable as they expect.

Fourth, “From Cow-Milking Robots to Weed-Zapping Lasers, Farmers Are Embracing A.I.” (Coralie Kraft, The New York Times, June 5^th).  Although “you can’t digitize an ear of corn,” “the industry is in the midst of what some are calling the fourth agricultural revolution, as driverless tractors trundle through fields, drones map moisture levels in soil and cows are outfitted with Fitbit-like devices that track their eating patterns.”  There are a stunning number of AI-related farming developments already implemented described here, and they are already helping this once-ailing occupation.

Fifth, helping doctors “find answers to clinical questions,” as described in “Have a Thorny Medical Question?  Your Doctor May Be Using A.I. for That” (Steve Lohr, The New York Times, June 8^th).  There are many gaps in doctor-to-doctor communication, but there is a massive amount of available knowledge, making the situation natural for software that can perform gigantic searches.  The tool is OpenEvidence, which is “essentially a chatbot for medicine,” and “has become a viral hit with physicians,” as, now, “more than half of the nation’s physicians are regular users” to the level of “30 million questions and consultations” in May alone.  When using the product, doctors “can ask (it) specific questions or enter the characteristics and symptoms of a patient and ask for potential explanations.”  Other companies are working to enter this field, and we can see why.

Last, if you want to buy “items you can picture but can’t name,” you may have help, as described in “New Amazon AI search turns words into shoppable images” (Kurt Knutsson, Fox News, June 14^th).  It works when customers use “more descriptive language” about something they want, such as “green dress with puff sleeves” or “wood coffee table with rounded edges” instead of only the first two or three words.  “As you add details, AI-generated images appear below the search bar.  Those images update as you refine your wording.  When one looks close to what you imagined, you can tap on it and shop for products with a similar look.”  It is working now, at least through “the Amazon Shopping app on your iPhone or Android phone,” and seems like a huge improvement over dealing with too many choices. 

What did I mean by “nailed down”?  I meant that even if there is a colossal AI bubble-bursting, these services will continue.  Companies, though we may not be able to choose which ones, will provide them.  They will be around in five, ten, or twenty years.  The controversy is over.  Artificial intelligence is here to stay.

Misuse of Artificial Intelligence - Real Problems, but What Stands Out?

 

Here are examples of how people have been using AI to deceive, defraud, and commit other sharp practices.

The pictures above the headline of “’A cat-and-mouse game’” (Sarah Kessler, The New York Times, September 6^th) show three receipts.  One is from the Midway Bar and Grill, giving the address, date, server, amount, tip, total, and credit card information.  Another says “FedEx Office” with a familiar logo, date and time, and information on a shipped package, including its cost.  The third is an itemized restaurant bill, with three courses and beverages.  All are apparently flawless, unimpeachable, and unremarkable, probably looking like millions of others submitted for expense reimbursement, but none are real.  Per the CEO of a company making “software used by finance teams to manage expenses,” producing such counterfeits is “too easy,” and employees often start with using AI to synthesize documentation for a legitimate expense for which they lost the receipt, and when they “don’t get caught, they do it again.”  Two other companies are involved in detecting this bogusness, but “A.I.-generated receipts will only get better from here,” and “to combat fraudulent A.I., we need to use A.I.”

We now have that technology built into web browsers.  I often pose questions to the pedestrian Google Chrome release I regularly use, and it may seem like little more than a convenience, but it’s natural to want to discover “How AI browsers open the door to new scams” (Kurt Knutsson, Fox News, September 20^th).  Such tools “can stumble into scams faster than humans ever could,” with a “dangerous mix of speed and trust.”  When people direct AI to buy things, it may “confidently” complete transactions on “fake” store sites.  “Old phishing tactics,” such as sending false bank-identified emails with destructive links, have worked smoothly with AI software.  Clearly, we’re not ready yet to delegate such sensitive activities.

What can happen when the roles are reversed?  We will need to learn “How to spot and stop AI phishing scams” (Kurt Knutsson again, Fox News, October 14^th).  Such things happen “when hackers use AI to make their scams more convincing,” by assembling “super-realistic emails, messages, voices and even videos.”  These communications rarely have the old-time tells of “typos and bad grammar,” and AI’s repertoire now includes “voice clone scams” and “deepfake video scams.”  Some of the red flags are unchanged, though, with Knutsson telling readers to beware of a “suspicious sender’s address,” “generic greetings like Dear Customer,” “unsolicited attachments” used to prompt action, email addresses with slight but real variations from official ones, and, perhaps most mentioned, a need for urgency.  With friends and family members, you can “set up and use a shared secret,” and with others you know, asking them something from the past not likely to be relevant now works well.  In a case I had, a Facebook friend and former high school football teammate asked me to participate in something believable but dicey, but when I asked him what position he played, “he” gave me the online equivalent of a blank stare.

How about misbehavior originating from AI providers themselves?  We think and hope there isn’t much of that anymore, but we had a case last fall where an “AI-enabled teddy bear… gave advice on B.D.S.M. sex and where to find knives.”  That was the springboard for “Public Shame Is the Most Effective Tool for Battling Big Tech” (Jessica Grose, The New York Times, January 14^th).  The author described how consumers successfully pressured company Mattel to pause “the release of any A.I.- powered” toys.  Yet many corporate responses to even sexual material have been weak, such as X-platform spokespeople saying that “its policy is to “take action”” against lewd deepfakes, and other events, such as the federal government asserting its ability to override state AI laws, may be creating a foundation for further wrongdoing.  So, per Grose, “negative publicity” is most effective in getting solutions for these problems to be reached.

Finally, there were “Lawyers Barred for A.I.-Generated Citations to Fake Cases” (Neil Vigdor, The New York Times, June 9^th).  When “all four lawyers on opposing sides in a civil trial” found themselves “removed from the case and fined” after “some of them, relying on artificial intelligence, cited fake legal cases in court filings,” one attorney said she had used “First Drafts, an A.I.-powered program for drafting legal documents.”  But the precedent here will be that due diligence with those tools will require more than was practiced this time.

What is noteworthy about these cases?  You may have been thinking that I picked only a few as samples for this post.  But, in nine months, this is all I saw.  For all of AI’s potential to do damage, it hasn’t been doing much.  Certainly, there has been more, especially in deepfakes, but it doesn’t look like a lot.  There is a message here - could it be that AI is not as compatible with crimes, and even vice, as we think?  Could it be that our laws and restrictions, as immature and makeshift as they seem to be, are working remarkably well?  It is time for us to consider these things, and, once again, look at how AI is actually turning out.

Jobs Report: More Work and More Not Looking, with the AJSN, Now 17.2 Million, Showing 700,000 Additional Latent Demand

This morning’s Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment Situation Summary was a mixed bag.  Once again, the number of net new nonfarm payroll positions beat up on the published estimates, more than doubling the one I saw to 172,000.  And once more, the rest of the report didn’t follow through.

Although seasonally unadjusted unemployment rose 0.1%, in a typically slightly lower employment month, to 4.1%, the adjusted variety held at 4.3%.  Long-term joblessness, or 27 weeks or longer, jumped 200,000 to 2 million, but the count of those working part-time for economic reasons, or keeping shorter-hours positions while continuing to look for longer-hours ones, lost 100,000 to 4.8 million.  The labor force participation rate sat at 61.8%, but the employment-population ratio, showing without embellishment how likely it is for Americans to be working, gained 0.1% to 59.1%.  Average hourly private nonfarm payroll earnings roughly matched inflation, up 12 cents to $37.53.  The adjusted number of unemployed dropped 100,000 to 7.3 million, while the unadjusted one rose 136,000 to 6.904 million.

The American Job Shortage Number or AJSN, the metric showing how many more positions could be quickly filled if all knew they were easy to get, was up 697,000 as follows:

The largest change came from, oddly enough, those wanting to work but not looking for it for a year or more - they were 835,000 more numerous, adding 668,000 to the calculation.  The second largest gainer was actual unemployment, which contributed 122,000 more.  The share of the AJSN from unemployment was 36.2%, down 0.8%.

Compared with a year before, the AJSN came out 278,000 higher, with most of the gains from those not looking for a year or more, those not wanting a job, those discouraged, and those unemployed.  The institutional, military, and off-the-grid category, down over one million since May 2025, provided the largest offset.

The other possible trend May provided was from the numbers of those not in the labor force, off 153,000 to 105,253,000, and not interested in working, which plunged 953,000 to 98,497,000.  Those can both be proxies for expected poor work prospects. 

What to make of this month?  Probably not a lot of lasting significance.  People left the labor force, but the new jobs were still there.  Per capita employment rose, but, at 4.8 million, too many people are being stopped from moving from part-time to full-time.  We’re not losing the employment battle now, but we’re not improving at it either.  Accordingly, the turtle stayed right where he was.